History
Historical events
21st century
2026 FIFA World Cup2026
23rd edition of the FIFA World Cup, being held in the United States, Mexico and Canada in 2026
2026 Winter Olympics2026
25ᵗʰ edition of Winter Olympics, in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
2025 Myanmar earthquake2025≈ 5K deaths
Earthquake impacting Myanmar and Thailand
2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks2024≈ 42 deaths
explosive device attacks in Lebanon and Syria
assassination of Ismail Haniyeh2024≈ 2 deaths
2024 Assassination of Hamas leader
Gaza War2023≈ 67K deaths
armed conflict around the Gaza Strip that started on 7 October 2023
Sudanese civil war2023≈ 150K deaths
ongoing military conflict in Sudan since 2023
2023 Marrakesh-Safi earthquake2023≈ 2.9K deaths
6.8 magnitude earthquake in Morocco
full-scale Russo-Ukrainian war2022≈ 42.3K deaths
full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia starting on 24 February 2022, part of Russo-Ukrainian War
assassination of Shinzō Abe2022≈ 1 deaths
2022 killing of former Japanese prime minister
Battle of Bakhmut2022–2024
battle in the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and 2023
2020 Summer Olympics2021
games of the XXXII Olympiad, in Tokyo, Japan, held in 2021
2021 Myanmar coup d'état2021
2021 military overthrow of the Myanmar's officially elected government
Myanmar Civil War2021
ongoing armed conflict in Myanmar since the 2021 coup d'etat
2021 Haiti earthquake2021≈ 2.2K deaths
14 August 2021 magnitude 7.2 Mw earthquake
2021 Sudanese coup d'état2021≈ 40 deaths
successful coup against the Sovereignty Council of Sudan
assassination of Qasem Soleimani2020≈ 10 deaths
2020 US drone strike in Baghdad, Iraq
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement2020
armistice agreement ending the Nagorno-Karabakh war
2020 Zagreb earthquake2020≈ 1 deaths
earthquake in Zagreb, Croatia on 22 March 2020
Elazığ–Sivrice earthquake of 20202020≈ 41 deaths
6.7-magnitude earthquake that struck Elazığ in eastern Turkey on January 24, 2020
2020 Petrinja earthquake2020≈ 7 deaths
earthquake near Petrinja, Croatia, on 29 December 2020 at 12:20 PM CET
Christchurch mosque shootings2019≈ 51 deaths
terrorist mass shooting attacks in Christchurch, New Zealand
2018 Winter Olympics2018
23rd edition of Winter Olympics, in Pyeongchang, South Korea
2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami2018≈ 4.4K deaths
2018 earthquake in Minahassa Peninsula
2018 Sunda Strait tsunami2018≈ 429 deaths
tsunami in coastal regions of Banten and Lampung, Indonesia
2017 Istanbul nightclub attack2017≈ 39 deaths
terrorist mass shooting that occurred at a nightclub in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on 1 January 2017
2017 Saint Petersburg Metro attack2017≈ 15 deaths
Explosion on a train in Saint Petersburg, Russia, April 2017
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons2017
legally binding international agreement to prohibit nuclear weapons
2017 Oaxaca and Chiapas Earthquake2017≈ 98 deaths
8.2 earthquake with epicenter in Chiapas
2016 Nice attack2016≈ 87 deaths
islamist terrorist attack in France on 14 July 2016
Orlando nightclub shooting2016≈ 50 deaths
mass shooting at gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida
August 2016 Central Italy earthquake2016≈ 299 deaths
6.1 or 6.2 magnitude earthquake on 24 August 2016 in the central parts of Italy
assassination of Andrei Karlov2016≈ 2 deaths
2016 murder of the Russian ambassador to Turkey
Rohingya genocide2016
ethnic and religious persecution of the Rohingya people by the Government of Myanmar
2016 Ecuador earthquake2016≈ 673 deaths
earthquake which occurred on 16 April 2016
Libyan Civil War2014–2020
conflict among rival groups seeking to control of the territory of Libya
Boston Marathon bombings2013≈ 3 deaths
2013 terrorist event in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Western African Ebola virus epidemic2013–2016≈ 11.3K deaths
2014-15 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa
2013 Egyptian coup d'état2013≈ 16 deaths
Military coup overthrowing Mohamed Morsi
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami2011≈ 19.8K deaths
megathrust earthquake off the east coast of Japan
2011 Norway attacks2011≈ 77 deaths
two sequential lone wolf terrorist attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011
South Sudan founded2011
February 2011 Christchurch earthquake2011≈ 185 deaths
February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand
Van earthquake of 20112011≈ 604 deaths
7.1-magnitude earthquake that struck Van in eastern Turkey on October 23, 2011
killing of Osama bin Laden2011≈ 5 deaths
U.S. military operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan
2011 East Africa drought2011–2012≈ 258K deaths
severe drought that occurred between July 2011 and mid-2012
Arab Spring2010–2012
protests and revolutions in the Arab world in the 2010s
2010 Haiti earthquake2010≈ 230K deaths
12 January 2010 magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake
2010 Chile earthquake2010≈ 520 deaths
magnitude 8.8 earthquake in Chile on 27 February 2010
BRIC(S) founded2009
Association of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, United Arab Emirates, and Ethiopia
Nepal founded2008
Kosovo founded2008
Gaza War (2008–2009)2008–2009
December 2008–January 2009 armed conflict in the Gaza Strip
2008 financial crisis2008–2009
global financial crisis triggered by bursting of the United States housing bubble and the devaluation of housing-related securities
Serbia founded2006
Montenegro founded2006
2006 Lebanon War2006≈ 1.2K deaths
armed conflict primarily between Israel and Hezbollah
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement2006
multinational intellectual property rights treaty
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake2004≈ 227.9K deaths
megathrust underwater earthquake and subsequent tsunami in the Indian Ocean
Orange Revolution2004–2005
series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005
Beslan school siege2004≈ 334 deaths
2004 terrorist attack in North Ossetia, Russian Federation
2004 Madrid train bombings2004≈ 193 deaths
terrorist attack on Madrid's suburban trains
insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa2004
armed conflict involving Pakistan and armed militant groups
War in Darfur2003–2020
major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003
Rose Revolution2003
2003 popular uprising against corrupt leadership in Georgia
2002 Winter Olympics2002
19th edition of Winter Olympics, in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)2001–2021
armed conflict between NATO countries and Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021
American Airlines Flight 112001≈ 92 deaths
9/11 hijacked passenger flight, hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center
20th century
Bolivarian Revolution1999
political process in Venezuela led by the late Hugo Chávez
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court1998
1998 international treaty establishing the International Criminal Court
Good Friday Agreement1998
1998 peace pacts between the British, Irish, and Northern Irish governments to end the Troubles
Ottawa Treaty1997
treaty aimed at eliminating anti-personnel landmines around the world
1997 Asian financial crisis1997–1998
financial crisis in many East/Southeast Asian countries starting in 1997
Dolly the sheep: first cloned mammal1996
cloned female sheep; first cloned animal
Ethiopia founded1995
World Trade Organization founded1995
intergovernmental organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
Oklahoma City bombing1995≈ 168 deaths
1995 terrorist attack in the United States
Tokyo subway sarin attack1995≈ 12 deaths
1995 terrorist attack by Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo
1994 Genocide against Tutsi1994≈ 1M deaths
1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda in which 800,000 were killed
1994 Winter Olympics1994
17th edition of Winter Olympics, in Lillehammer, Norway
Palau founded1994
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights1994
treaty of the WTO
European Union founded1993
political and economic union of 27 European states
Czech Republic founded1993
Slovakia founded1993
Eritrea founded1993
1992 Summer Olympics1992
Games of the XXV Olympiad in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Bosnia and Herzegovina founded1992
Mongolia founded1992
Angola founded1992
1992 Winter Olympics1992
16th edition of Winter Olympics, in Albertville, France
1993 Russian constitutional crisis1992
political unrest in Russia in September and October 1993
Croat–Bosniak War1992–1994
conflict (1992–1994) between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (supported by Croatia)
Algerian Civil War1992–2002≈ 130K deaths
1992–2002 civil war in Algeria between the army and Islamic rebels
Ukraine founded1991
Azerbaijan founded1991
Armenia founded1991
Croatia founded1991
Georgia founded1991
Kazakhstan founded1991
Slovenia founded1991
Moldova founded1991
North Macedonia founded1991
Kyrgyzstan founded1991
Uzbekistan founded1991
Kuwait founded1991
Tajikistan founded1991
Turkmenistan founded1991
Croatian War of Independence1991–1995
war of independence fought from 1991 to 1995
Belovezh Accords1991
agreement that declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS
Battle of Vukovar1991
1991 siege of Vukovar in eastern Croatia by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) during the Croatian War of Independence
Sierra Leone Civil War1991–2002
civil war between Commonwealth-backed government and rebel factions
Lithuania founded1990
Yemen founded1990
Namibia founded1990
Transnistria War1990–1992
1990–1992 conflict between Moldova and Russian-backed self-proclaimed Transnistria
Iraqi invasion of Kuwait1990
1990 major conflict between the Ba'athist Iraq and the state of Kuwait
World Wide Web invented at CERN1989
global system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet
Romanian Revolution (1989)1989≈ 1.1K deaths
1989 popular uprising in Romania against the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu
First Nagorno-Karabakh War1988–1994
armed conflict that took place in the late 1980s to May 1994
Palestine founded1988
Pan Am Flight 1031988≈ 243 deaths
US transatlantic flight, bombed in 1988 over Scotland
1988 Spitak earthquake1988≈ 38K deaths
December 1988 earthquake in Armenian SSR, USSR
Montreal Protocol1987
environmental protocol designed to protect the ozone layer
Marshall Islands founded1986
Federated States of Micronesia founded1986
Schengen Agreement1985
treaty which led to the creation of Europe's Schengen Area, in which internal border checks have largely been abolished
1984 Winter Olympics1984
14th edition of Winter Olympics, in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
Sri Lankan civil war1983–2009≈ 100K deaths
armed conflict in Sri Lanka (1983–2009) between the government and the separatist organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Second Sudanese Civil War1983–2005
1983–2005 war for South Sudanese independence
Belize founded1981
Antigua and Barbuda founded1981
Zimbabwe founded1980
Vanuatu founded1980
Soviet-Afghan War1979–1989
1979–1989 war between the Soviet Union and Afghan insurgents
Iran founded1979
Kiribati founded1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines founded1979
Sino-Vietnamese War1979
war between the People's Republic of China and Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1979
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks1979
two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union
Iranian Revolution1978–1979≈ 2.8K deaths
1978–1979 revolution that overthrew the Iranian monarchy
Dominica founded1978
Tuvalu founded1978
Solomon Islands founded1978
Nicaraguan Revolution1978–1990
political and armed revolutionary process in Nicaragua that overthrew the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 and continued through the Contra conflict until 1990
Djibouti founded1977
Ogaden War1977–1978
1977-78 Somali military offensive over the disputed Ogaden region of Ethiopia
1976 Winter Olympics1976
12th edition of Winter Olympics, in Innsbruck, Austria
Seychelles founded1976
Trinidad and Tobago founded1976
1976 Tangshan earthquake1976≈ 242.8K deaths
earthquake that occurred in 1976 Tangshan, Hebei, China
Mozambique founded1975
Timor-Leste founded1975
Cape Verde founded1975
Suriname founded1975
Papua New Guinea founded1975
Comoros founded1975
São Tomé and Príncipe founded1975
Helsinki Accords1975
1975 non-binding European and North American political agreement
Fall of Saigon1975
1975 capture of Saigon by the People’s Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
Cambodian genocide1975–1979
genocide of as many as 3,000,000 Cambodians by communist Khmer Rogue in 1975–79
Guinea-Bissau founded1974
Grenada founded1974
Yom Kippur War1973
October 1973 war between Egypt and Syria at one side and Israel on the other side
The Bahamas founded1973
1973 Chilean coup d'état1973
military overthrow of the Popular Unity coalition government in 1973 in Chile
Sri Lanka founded1972
Munich massacre1972≈ 12 deaths
Palestinian terror attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany
Bangladesh founded1971
United Arab Emirates founded1971
Bahrain founded1971
Sierra Leone founded1971
Bangladesh Liberation War1971≈ 3M deaths
conflict that led to the independence of the majority-Bengali country
Indo-Pakistani War of 19711971
1971 war between India and Pakistan along Bengladesh Liberation War
Bangladesh genocide1971≈ 3M deaths
genocide of Bengalis carried out by the Pakistani military during the Bangladesh Liberation War
Oman founded1970
Fiji founded1970
Tonga founded1970
Black September1970–1971
civil war (1970–1971) in Jordan between King Hussein’s forces and the Palestine Liberation Organisation
Apollo 11: first Moon landing1969
first Moon landing and fifth crewed flight of the United States Apollo program
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons1968
international treaty limiting the spread of nuclear weapons
Eswatini founded1968
Equatorial Guinea founded1968
Mauritius founded1968
Nauru founded1968
Saint Kitts and Nevis founded1967
Saint Lucia founded1967
War of Attrition1967–1970
1967–1970 war between Israel and Egypt, Syria and Jordan
Botswana founded1966
Guyana founded1966
Lesotho founded1966
Singapore founded1965
The Gambia founded1965
Maldives founded1965
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–661965–1966≈ 500K deaths
large scale political, state-sponsored killings in Indonesia between 30th September 1965, into 1966
Malta founded1964
Tanzania founded1964
Zambia founded1964
Malawi founded1964
Rhodesian Bush War1964–1979
civil conflict in Southern Africa from 1964 to 1979
Nigeria founded1963
Kenya founded1963
Malaysia founded1963
assassination of John F. Kennedy1963≈ 1 deaths
1963 murder in Dallas, Texas, U.S
1963 Skopje earthquake1963≈ 1K deaths
July 1963 Earthquake in SR Macedonia, Yugoslavia
1963 Syrian coup d'état1963
overthrow of Syrian Prime Minister Nazim al-Kudsi by the Ba'ath Party
Algeria founded1962
Uganda founded1962
Burundi founded1962
Rwanda founded1962
Jamaica founded1962
Samoa founded1962
Portuguese Colonial War1961–1974
1961–1974 armed conflicts in Africa between Portugal and independence movements
Democratic Republic of the Congo founded1960
Cyprus founded1960
Somalia founded1960
Chad founded1960
Madagascar founded1960
Cameroon founded1960
Ivory Coast founded1960
Mali founded1960
Mauritania founded1960
Benin founded1960
Senegal founded1960
Burkina Faso founded1960
Togo founded1960
Niger founded1960
Republic of the Congo founded1960
Central African Republic founded1960
Gabon founded1960
1960 Winter Olympics1960
8th edition of Winter Olympics, in Squaw Valley, United States
Great Chinese Famine1959–1961≈ 55M deaths
period of widespread famine in the People's Republic of China between the years 1959 and 1961 during the Great Leap Forward
Guinea founded1958
Ghana founded1957
European Economic Community founded1957
1958–2009 organisation for economic integration, under the EU from 1993
1957–1958 influenza pandemic1957–1958≈ 4M deaths
pandemic of influenza virus (H2N2)
Sudan founded1956
Tunisia founded1956
1956 Winter Olympics1956
7th edition of Winter Olympics, in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
Austrian State Treaty1955
multilateral 1955 treaty regarding the international status of Austria
Algerian War1954–1962≈ 1.5M deaths
war between France and the Algerian independence movement from 1954 to 1962
Geneva Conference1954
1954 conference took place in Geneva dealt with the aftermath of Korean War and First Indochina War
Cambodia founded1953
1953 Iranian coup d'état1953
overthrow of the democratically elected government of Iran
Treaty of San Francisco1951
peace treaty between Japan and the Allied Powers of World War II, officially ending the American-led Allied Occupation of Japan.
ANZUS1951
collective security agreement between Australia, New Zealand and the United States
NATO founded1949
intergovernmental military alliance between 32 member states
Germany founded1949
People's Republic of China founded1949
Laos founded1949
Bhutan founded1949
Israel founded1948
South Korea founded1948
Myanmar founded1948
North Korea founded1948
1948 Winter Olympics1948
5th edition of Winter Olympics, in Sankt Moritz, Switzerland
1948 Arab–Israeli War1948–1949
second and final stage of the 1947–1949 Palestine war
Japan founded1947
India founded1947
Pakistan founded1947
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1947
multilateral agreement regulating international trade
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–19481947–1949
1947–1948 war between India and Pakistam
Jordan founded1946
United Nations founded1945
global international and intergovernmental organization
Indonesia founded1945
Potsdam Conference1945
meeting of the Allied heads of state near the end of World War II
Battle of Berlin1945≈ 200K deaths
1945 last major offensive of the European theatre of World War Il
Battle of Iwo Jima1945
1945 major battle in which US Forces captured the island of Iwo Jima from Japan during World War II
Indonesian National Revolution1945–1949
armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire
Potsdam Declaration1945
document defining the terms for Japanese surrender during World War II
Iceland founded1944
Normandy landings1944
1944 landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy
Battle of Monte Cassino1944
1944 assaults by the Allies against the Winter Line in Italy held by Axis forces during the Italian Campaign of World War II
Liberation of Paris1944
1944 military action that took place during World War II
Lebanon founded1943
Bengal famine of 19431943–1944≈ 2.5M deaths
Famine in British India during World War II
Third Battle of Kharkov1943
1943 series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II
Armistice of Cassibile1943
armistice between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II
Second Battle of El Alamein1942
1942 major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War
First Battle of El Alamein1942
1942 battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War
The Holocaust1941–1945≈ 6M deaths
genocide of around 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany, other Axis powers and local collaborators in occupied territories
Attack on Pearl Harbor1941≈ 2.5K deaths
1941 Japanese surprise attack on the U.S
Battle of Kiev1941
1941 battle resulting in a large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II
Anglo-Iraqi War1941
British-led Allied military campaign against Iraq under Rashid Ali during World War II
Battle of Smolensk1941
1941 battle during the second phase of Operation Barbarossa
Yugoslav coup d'état1941
Yugoslav coup d'état, 27 March 1941, replaced the regency led by Prince Paul and installed King Peter II
Battle of Dunkirk1940
1940 battle in the Second World War between the Allies and Germany
Greco-Italian War1940–1941
conflict between Italy and Greece, which lasted from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941
German invasion of the Netherlands1940
Nazi invasion of the Netherlands in 1940
Armistice of 22 June 19401940
armistice between France and Nazi Germany in World War II
Moscow Peace Treaty1940
peace treaty signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940
Munich agreement1938
1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to the German Reich
Ireland founded1937
Marco Polo Bridge incident1937
1937 initial battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Spanish Civil War1936–1939
war between the Republicans and the Nationalists in Spain from 1936 to 1939
1936 Winter Olympics1936
4th edition of Winter Olympics, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Anti-Comintern Pact1936
pact between Nazi Germany and Japan prior to World War II
Second Italo-Ethiopian War1935–1937≈ 275K deaths
1935-1936 war between Italy and Ethiopia
Holodomor1932–1933≈ 14.5M deaths
man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine in 1932–33 that killed as many as seven million Ukrainians
Iraq founded1932
1932 Winter Olympics1932
3rd Winter Olympics, in Lake Placid, New York, United States
Siamese revolution of 19321932
1932 overthrow of Thai King Prajadhipok; constitutional monarchy established
Vatican City founded1929
1928 Summer Olympics1928
Games of the IX Olympiad, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1928 Winter Olympics1928
2nd edition of Winter Olympics, in Sankt Moritz, Switzerland
Chinese Civil War1927–1950
The civil war between the government of the Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party
Locarno Treaties1925
multilateral treaties negotiated in Locarno, Switzerland during October 1925
Turkey founded1923
Egypt founded1922
Irish Civil War1922–1923
conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State
United Kingdom founded1921
Anglo-Irish Treaty1921
1921 agreement which ended the Irish War of Independence
Peace of Riga1921
peace treaty between Soviet Russia, Ukraine and Poland, signed on March 18, 1921 in Riga
Russian famine of 19211921–1922
part of the Russian man-made famine of 1921-23 in the Volga region
Syria founded1920
1920 Summer Olympics1920
games of the VII Olympiad, celebrated in Antwerp, Belgium, in 1920
Treaty of Trianon1920
1920 peace agreement formally ending World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary
Treaty of Sèvres1920
peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied Powers at the end of World War I
League of Nations founded1920
20th-century international organisation, predecessor to the United Nations
Svalbard Treaty1920
treaty recognising Norwegian sovereignty over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard
Treaty of Tartu1920
1920 peace treaty between Estonia and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Treaty of Versailles1919
most important of the peace treaties of the First World War which ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers
Polish–Soviet War1919–1921
conflict between Poland and Soviet Russia following the First World War (February 1919 - March 1921)
Turkish War of Independence1919–1923
war fought between the Turkish National Movement and the Entente and their proxies
Greco-Turkish War1919–1922
war lasting from 1919 to 1922 during the Turkish War of Independence
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine1919
1919 peace treaty between Bulgarian and the Allies after World War I
Third Anglo-Afghan War1919
1919 war between the British Empire (India) and the Emirate of Afghanistan
Poland founded1918
Austria founded1918
Estonia founded1918
Latvia founded1918
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk1918
peace treaty between the Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (3 March 1918)
Fourteen Points1918
statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I
Estonian War of Independence1918–1920
1918–1920 war between Estonia and Soviet Russia
execution of the Romanov family1918≈ 11 deaths
1918 murder of Nicholas II of Russia and his family
Polish–Ukrainian War1918–1919
1918–1919 conflict between the Second Polish Republic and West Ukrainian People's Republic
Russian Civil War1917–1922
multi-sided civil war in the former Russian Empire, November 1917-October 1922
Finland founded1917
February Revolution1917≈ 1.4K deaths
first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917
Ukrainian War of Independence1917–1921
eastern European military conflict (1917–1921)
Battle of Verdun1916
1916 battle on the Western Front during the First World War
Sykes–Picot Agreement1916
secret agreement signed in 1916 between France and the United Kingdom providing for the division of the Middle East at the end of the First World War
Armenian Genocide1915–1923≈ 1.2M deaths
systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I implemented by the Ottoman authorities through mass murder
Treaty of London1915
secret pact between the Triple Entente and Italy, signed in London on 26 April 1915
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand1914≈ 2 deaths
1914 murder in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary
Battle of Liège1914
1914 opening engagement of the German invasion of Belgium during WWI
Second Balkan War1913
continuation of the First Balkan War in which Bulgaria fought Serbia, Greece, Romania and the Ottoman Empire
Greek genocide1913–1922≈ 900K deaths
1913–1922 genocide of Greek Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Albania founded1912
1912 Summer Olympics1912
Games of the V Olympiad, celebrated in Stockholm (Sweden) in 1912
Taiwan founded1912
First Balkan War1912–1913
war involving the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire
Xinhai Revolution1911–1912
revolution in China that overthrew the Qing dynasty and established the Republic of China
Italo-Turkish War1911–1912
1911–12 war between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy
South Africa founded1910
5 October 1910 revolution1910
October 1910 coup d'état in Portugal; monarchy overthrown, republic established
Amundsen's South Pole expedition1910–1912
first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole
1908 Summer Olympics1908
Games of the IV Olympiad, celebrated in London (United Kingdom) in 1908
Young Turk Revolution of 19081908
1908 restoration of constitutional rule in the Ottoman Empire
1906 San Francisco earthquake1906≈ 3K deaths
major earthquake that struck San Francisco and the coast of Northern California
Russian Revolution of 19051905–1907
wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire
Constitutionalization attempts in Iran1905–1911
a movement for the Constitution of Iran monarchy in 1905 to 1909
Russo-Japanese War1904–1905
conflict between the Russian and Japanese empires from 1904 to 1905
1904 Summer Olympics1904
Games of the III Olympiad, celebrated in Saint Louis (United States) in 1904
Entente Cordiale1904
series of agreements between the United Kingdom and France about colonies in Africa, Siam (Thailand), Newfoundland, and New Hebrides (Vanuatu)
Herero and Nama genocide1904–1908≈ 40K deaths
1904–1908 genocide committed by the German colonial administration in Africa
Panama founded1903
First powered flight1903
heavier-than-air powered aircraft, designed and built by the Wright Brothers
Australia founded1901
1900 Summer Olympics1900
Games of the II Olympiad, celebrated in Paris (France) in 1900
19th century
Second Boer War1899–1902
war between two Boer Republics (South African Republic and Orange Free State) and the United Kingdom
Philippine–American War1899–1902
armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States
Cuba founded1898
Treaty of Paris (1898)1898
December 1898 peace treaty of the Spanish-American War
Banana Wars1898–1934
Actions involving the United States in Central America and the Caribbean
Greco-Turkish War of 18971897
1897 war between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire
1896 Summer Olympics1896
Games of the I Olympiad, celebrated in Athens (Greece) in 1896
Philippine Revolution1896–1898
1896–1898 conflict against Spanish colonial authorities
Battle of Adwa1896
battle between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy near the town of Adwa, the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, securing Ethiopian sovereignty
Treaty of Shimonoseki1895
treaty signed at the Shunpanrō hall, Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire, ending the First Sino-Japanese War.
Cuban War of Independence1895–1898
armed conflict between the United States, Cuba and Spain
First Sino-Japanese War1894–1895
1894–1895 war between the Qing dynasty and the Empire of Japan over influence in Joseon, fought chiefly in Joseon
First Italo-Ethiopian War1894–1896
1895-1896 war between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works1886
1880s international copyright treaty adopted by 160+ countries
First Boer War1880–1881≈ 441 deaths
military conflict in South Africa (1880–1881)
Anglo-Zulu War1879
war between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom fought in the Zulu lands in South Africa in 1879
Bulgaria founded1878
Second Anglo-Afghan War1878–1880
1878–1880 war between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan
Treaty of Berlin of 18781878
1878 territorial settlement by the Congress of Berlin following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
Franco-Prussian War1870–1871
1870–1871 military conflict of the Second French Empire versus Prussia and its allies
Qatar founded1870
First transcontinental railroad1869
first railroad in the United States to reach the Pacific coast from the eastern states
Glorious Revolution1868
1868 revolution in Spain that deposed Queen Isabella II
Canada founded1867
Austro-Prussian War1866
1866 military conflict between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire
Paraguayan War1864–1870≈ 1M deaths
large-scale conflict in South America (1864–1870)
Second Schleswig War1864
second military conflict as a result of the Schleswig-Holstein Question
Circassian genocide1864–1867≈ 1M deaths
19th century genocide of Circassians by the Russian Empire
Geneva Convention of 18641864
First Geneva Convention governing the sick and wounded members of armed forces, adopted in 1864
Red Cross founded1863
humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate
American Civil War1861–1865
1861–1865 civil war in the United States between the North and the South over the enslavement of African-Americans
Battle of Fort Sumter1861
bombardment of Fort Sumter, immediate cause and first battle of the American Civil War
Battle of Solferino1859
1859 major battle of the Second Italian War of Independence
Second Opium War1856–1860
1856–1860 war between British–French forces and China
Crimean War1853–1856
military conflict fought between October 1853 – March 1856
Switzerland founded1848
French Revolution of 18481848≈ 350 deaths
one of a wave of revolutions in 1848 in Europe
Revolutions of 1848 in the German states1848
German part of the Revolutions of 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo1848
peace treaty that concludes Mexican-American War of 1846-1848
First Italian War of Independence1848–1849
1848-1849 conflict, part of the Italian unification (Risorgimento)
Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg empire1848
bourgeois-democratic motivated revolutions
Mexican-American War1846–1848≈ 11.7K deaths
military conflict between the United States of America and Mexico from 1846 to 1848
First Anglo-Sikh War1845–1846
conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company
Dominican Republic founded1844
Treaty of Nanjing1842
1842 treaty between Qing China and Britain which ceded Hong Kong and ended the First Opium War
New Zealand founded1841
El Salvador founded1841
Ecuador founded1840
First Opium War1839–1842
war between Great Britain and China in the 19th century
First Anglo-Afghan War1839–1842
1838–1842 war between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan
Second voyage of HMS Beagle1831–1836
exploration associated with the theory of evolution (1831-1836)
Belgium founded1830
Belgian Revolution1830–1831
conflict which led to the secession of the southern provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the establishment of an independent Kingdom of Belgium
November Uprising1830–1831
Polish uprising against occupying Russian Empire from November 1830 to September 1831
First intercity railway1830
railway opened on 15 September 1830 between the Lancashire towns of Liverpool and Manchester
Treaty of Turkmenchay1828
agreement between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that concluded the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28
Russo-Persian War of 1826–281826–1828
last major armed conflict between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran
Uruguay founded1825
Bolivia founded1825
Brazil founded1822
Liberia founded1822
Greece founded1821
Peru founded1821
Costa Rica founded1821
Honduras founded1821
Guatemala founded1821
Nicaragua founded1821
Argentina founded1816
Luxembourg founded1815
Kingdom of the Netherlands founded1815
Treaty of Kiel1814
1814 peace treaty between the UK plus Sweden, and Denmark–Norway
Battle of Leipzig1813
major battle during the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon (1813)
War of the Sixth Coalition1813–1814
1813–1814 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars
Treaty of Gulistan1813
truce agreement signed on October 24, 1813, between the Russian Empire and the Khajar state
War of 18121812–1815
conflict between the United States and the British Empire from 1812 to 1815
Venezuela founded1811
Paraguay founded1811
Mexico founded1810
Chile founded1810
Colombia founded1810
Treaties of Tilsit1807
peace treaties between Napoleonic France and (a) Russia and (b) Prussia
Liechtenstein founded1806
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt1806
1806 pair of battles during the War of the Fourth Coalition
War of the Fourth Coalition1806–1807
1806–1807 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars
Eighth Russo-Turkish War1806–1812
1806-12 conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires
War of the Third Coalition1805–1806
1805–1806 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars
Peace of Pressburg1805
1805 peace treaty closing the war of the third coalition
Vietnam founded1804
Haiti founded1804
Lewis and Clark Expedition1804–1806
American overland expedition to the Pacific coast
18th century
coup of 18 Brumaire1799
1799 coup in Revolutionary France that brought Napoleon to power
First Battle of Abukir1799
1799 first battle of the French campaign in Egypt and Syria to be fought at Abu Qir
War of the Second Coalition1798–1802
1798–1802 set of battles between the French Republic and the neighbouring monarchies
Battle of the Bridge of Arcole1796
1796 battle during the War of the First Coalition
13 Vendémiaire1795
1795 battle between French Revolutionary troops and Royalists
War in the Vendée1793–1796
1793–1796 set of battles between the French revolutionaries and the royalists
French Revolutionary Wars1792–1802
1792–1802 series of conflicts between the French Republic and several European monarchies
War of the First Coalition1792–1797
1792–1797 set of battles between the French revolutionaries and the neighbouring monarchies
Polish–Russian War of 17921792
war between the Commonwealth of Poland and the Russian Empire
Haitian Revolution1791–1804
1791 slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue
Third Anglo-Mysore War1790–1792
conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the East India Company and its allies
French Revolution1789–1799
A period of political and societal change in France from 1789 to 1799
Brabant Revolution1789–1790
armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands
Austro-Turkish War of 1788–17911788–1791
1788–1791 military conflict between Habsburg Monarchy and Ottoman Empire
Russo-Swedish War of 1788–17901788–1790
1788–1790 war between Sweden and Russia
Battle of Karánsebes1788
friendly fire incident during the Austro–Turkish War of 1787–1791
Northwest Indian War1785–1795
1785-1795 war between a confederation of Native Americans and the United States
United States founded1784
Treaty of Georgievsk1783
treaty signed by Kartli-Kakheti and the Russian Empire
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War1780–1784
conflict (1780–1784) between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic over British and Dutch disagreements on the legality and conduct of Dutch trade with the United States
Treaty of Teschen1779
1779 peace treaty ending the War of the Bavarian Succession
War of the Bavarian Succession1778–1779
dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia
Battle of Monmouth1778
American Revolutionary War battle fought on June 28, 1778
Battles of Saratoga1777
1777 major turning point of the American Revolutionary War
Battle of Long Island1776
1776 first major battle of the American Revolutionary War to take place after the Declaration of Independence
Battles of Lexington and Concord1775
first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War (1775)
First Anglo-Maratha War1775–1782
war between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire, 1775-1782
Battle of Quebec1775
1775 battle between Americans and British near Quebec City, Canada
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca1774
1774 peace treaty ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74
First voyage of James Cook1768–1771
combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific
Great Bengal famine of 17701767–1773≈ 10M deaths
famine affecting lower regions of India in 1770
First Anglo-Mysore War1767–1769
conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company.
Battle of Buxar1764
_War between Alliance (Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam || ) and British
American Revolution1763–1783
revolution establishing the United States of America
Caucasian War1763–1864
1763–1864 invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire
Treaty of Hubertusburg1763
1763 peace treaty ending the Third Silesian War, part of the Seven Years' War
Pontiac's War1763–1765
1763 war launched by Native American tribes primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio country against Kingdom of Great Britain
Third Battle of Panipat1761
1761 battle in India between the Durrani and Maratha empires
Battle of the Plains of Abraham1759
1759 battle between British and French near Quebec City, Canada
French and Indian War1754–1763
North American theatre of the worldwide Seven Years' War
Treaty of Madrid1750
signed by Spain and Portugal on 1750, concerning their empires and status of their territories of what is now Brazil
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle1748
peace treaty which ended the War of the Austrian Succession
Battle of Culloden1746
final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745 and part of a religious civil war in Britain
Jacobite rising of 17451745–1746
attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for the exiled House of Stuart
King George's War1744–1748
North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession
Treaty of Åbo1743
peace treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Åbo (Turku) on 18 August [O.S. 7 August] 1743 in the end of the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743
Battle of Dettingen1743
British-led battle during the War of the Austrian Succession on 27 June 1743 near Aschaffenburg, Germany.
Russo-Swedish War of 1741-17431741–1743
war between Russia and Sweden (1741-1743), resulting in the Russian occupation of Finland
Russo-Persian War of 1722–231722–1723
conflict between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran
Great Plague of Marseille1720–1722≈ 100K deaths
Last major outbreak in western Europe.
War of the Quadruple Alliance1718–1720
war (1717–1720) between Spain and the Quadruple Alliance (Britain, France, Austria, the Dutch Republic), resulting in a draw, returning to the previous territorial situation through the Treaty of The Hague en la que España se follo a toda europa
Austro-Turkish War of 1716–17181716–1718
fought between Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Rastatt1714
1714 peace treaty between France and Austria following the War of the Spanish Succession
Treaty of Baden1714
treaty that ended formal hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire
Peace of Utrecht1713
series of peace treaties ending the War of the Spanish Succession
Battle of Poltava1709
decisive battle in the Great Northern War between Tsardom Russia and the Swedish Empire in 1709
Battle of Oudenarde1708
battle in the War of the Spanish Succession, fought on 11 July 1708, in Belgium.
Treaty of Union1706
agreement in 1707 uniting England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain
Queen Anne's War1702–1713
North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession1701–1714
major European conflict (1700–1714) after the death of Charles II
Great Northern War1700–1721
conflict between anti-Swedish coalition Led by Russia and Swedish empires in 1700–1721
17th century
Treaty of Ryswick1697
Series of treaties signed in late 1697 ending the Nine Years' War between France and the Grand Alliance
Williamite War in Ireland1689–1691
1689–91 conflict between supporters of rival claimants to the British throne
Nine Years' War1688–1697
war principally fought in Central Europe from 1688 to 1697
French and Indian Wars1688–1763
1688-1763 series of military conflicts in North America
Second Hundred Years' War1688–1815
series of military conflicts between Great Britain and France that occurred from 1689 to 1815
Third Russo-Turkish War1686–1700
1686-1700 war between the European Powers and the Ottoman Empire
Battle of Vienna1683
1683 battle between the Christian European States and the Ottomans
Great Turkish War1683–1699
series of conflicts (1683–1699) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Habsburg Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia), ending with the latter's victory
Second Russo-Turkish War1676–1681
1676-1681 war between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire
Scanian War1675–1679
part of the Northern Wars involving the union of Denmark-Norway, Brandenburg and Sweden
King Philip's War1675–1678
conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists
Franco-Dutch War1672–1678
conflict between the Dutch Republic and France and their allies (1672-1678)
Third Anglo-Dutch War1672–1674
military conflict between the Kingdom of England and the Dutch Republic (1672-1674)
Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–16761672–1676
war in South-Eastern Europe (1672–1676)
Magnate conspiracy1670
17th-century attempt to throw off Habsburg influence in Croatia and Hungary
War of Devolution1667–1668
war between France and Spain for the Spanish Netherlands (1667–1668)
Treaty of Breda1667
peace treaty which brought an end to the Second Anglo-Dutch War
Second Anglo-Dutch War1665–1667
second conflict between England and the Dutch Republic (1665-1667)
Russo-Polish War1654–1667
1654–1667 major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Anglo-Spanish War1654–1660
1654–1660 war between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Spain
Peace of Münster1648
Peace treaty between the Dutch Republic and Spain signed on 30 January 1648, ratified on 15 May 1648
Cretan War of 1645-16691645–1669
conflict between the Republic of Venice against the Ottoman Empire from 1645 to 1669
English Civil War1642–1651
series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists
Peace of Prague1635
1635 peace treaty between the Emperor (the Cathiloc League) and the Electorat of Saxony
Battle of Breitenfeld1631
Protestants’ first major victory of the Thirty Years War in 1631
Ottoman–Safavid War1623–1639
Battle of White Mountain1620
battle ending Bohemian phase of Thirty Years' War (1620)
Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–16211620–1621
1620–21 conflict between Poland–Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Stolbovo1617
1617 peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War between the Swedish and the Russian Empires
transition from Ming to Qing1616–1683
transition between two major dynasties in Chinese history between 1618 and 1683
Polish–Muscovite War1605–1618
1605–1618 sequence of military conflicts and eastward invasions
Treaty of London1604
treaty signed in London, England on 18 August OS (28 August NS) 1604
Russian famine of 1601–16031601
famine believed to have killed a third of the country's population
Polish–Swedish War of 1600–111600–1611
conflict between Sweden and Poland-Lithuania over control of Livonia, as well as the dispute over the Swedish throne between Charles IX of Sweden and Sigismund III Vasa
16th century
Long War1593–1606
border conflict between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire over Balkan territories
Japanese invasions of Korea1592–1598
1592-1598 campaigns against Joseon by Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Anglo-Spanish War1585–1604
1585–1604 war between the kingdoms of Spain and England
Honnō-ji Incident1582
forced suicide of Oda Nobunaga at the hands of traitor Akechi Mitsuhide
Colonization of Siberia1580–1700
process of incorporation Siberia and Northern Far East into Russia since 1550s untill 1700s
Union of Utrecht1579
treaty signed in Utrecht, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain
Ottoman–Venetian War of 1570–15731570–1573
conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League from 1570 to 1573
Eighty Years' War1568–1648
16th- and 17th-century Dutch revolt against the Habsburgs
Dutch Revolt1568–1648
1560s–80s revolt against Habsburg King Philip II of Spain
Battle of Talikota1565
1565 battle between the Deccan Sultanates and Vijayanagara Empire
1556 Shaanxi earthquake1556≈ 830K deaths
Magnitude 8 Earthquake (23 Janaury 1556) in Shaanxi, China; regarded as deadliest earthquake in recorded history
Peace of Amasya1555
1555 treaty between Shah Tahmasp of Safavid Iran and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire
Italian War of 1551–15591551–1559
1550s war between France and the Holy Roman Empire
Schmalkaldic War1546–1547
16th-century conflict of the Protestant Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire
Treaty of Zaragoza1529
peace treaty between Spain and Portugal signed on 22 April 1529
Battle of Pavia1525
24 February 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521–26
Siege of Rhodes1522–1523
second and ultimately successful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to expel the Knights of Rhodes from their island stronghold
Italian War of 1521–15261521–1526
conflict between France and the Habsburg empires of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
Swedish War of Liberation1521–1523
rebellion and a civil war in which the Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa successfully deposed the king Christian II as regent of the Kalmar Union in Sweden
Battle of Mactan1521
1521 first native resistance against the Spanish colonisation in the Philippines
La Noche Triste1520
important event during the Spanish Conquest of Mexico, wherein Hernán Cortés, his invading army of Spanish conquistadors, and their native allies were driven out of the Aztec capital at Tenochtitlan
Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–171516–1517
Imperial Ottoman conquest of Egypt and the Levant
Battle of Flodden1513
1513 battle during the War of the League of Cambrai between England and Scotland
War of the League of Cambrai1508–1516
conflict in the Italian Wars of 1494–1559
15th century
Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea1497–1499
Portuguese explorer (c. 1460s – 1524)
Battle of Krbava Field1493
1493 battle of the Hundred Years' Croatian-Ottoman War
Voyages of Christopher Columbus1492–1504
1492–1504 voyages to the Americas; beginning of the Columbian exchange
Battle of Bosworth Field1485
1485 last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses
Great stand on the Ugra river1480
standoff in 1480 between Muscovy and Great Horde
Ottoman invasion of Otranto1480–1481
1480-1481 invasion of the Italian city of Otranto by Ottoman Empire forces
Burgundian Wars1474–1477
conflict between the Dukes of Burgundy and the Old Swiss Confederacy, 1474–77
Battle of Towton1461
battle during the English Wars of the Roses, renownedly bloody
Thirteen Years' War1454–1466
1454-1466 war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order
Fall of Constantinople1453
1453 capture of the Byzantine capital by the Ottoman Empire